Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) has emerged as a critical component in contemporary manufacturing systems, particularly within the domain of collaborative robotics, where intuitive interfaces play a vital role in improving productivity, efficiency, and safety. This study seeks to meet the major challenges of human-robot cooperation (e.g. scalability, economical, integration with legacy systems, task flexibility, and usability). The proposed solution will address the development of a modular and scalable solution to rapidly scale cobots in broad manufacturing environments, from small to large global supply chains. The research ensures small and medium enterprises (SMEs) can use collaborative robotics without prohibitive costs; by presenting cost effective solutions such as cloud-based interfaces and low-cost sensor integration. Furthermore, the framework enhances collaboration by enabling robots to adapt dynamically, switch seamlessly between tasks, and learn from real-time feedback. The challenge therefore is still to overcome the integration bottleneck, ensuring that collaborative robots can be easily integrated into existing legacy systems, to enable minimal downtime and implementation costs. Finally, the intuitive, easy-to-use user interface requires minimal training, allowing workers to work safely alongside robots to maximize productivity and provide a safer workplace overall. By enhancing human-robot collaboration in modern manufacturing, this research contributes to developing efficient, flexible, and sustainable industrial practices by offering a new capability that is both scalable and cost-effective.
M et al. (Tue,) studied this question.