What question did this study set out to answer?

To generalize the Hertz–Knudsen–Schrage relations for mass and heat transfer to non-ideal gases.

February 2, 2026

Liquid-vapor interface resistivities for non-ideal gases

HSHenning StruchtrupUniversity of Victoria

Key Points

To generalize the Hertz–Knudsen–Schrage relations for mass and heat transfer to non-ideal gases.
Developed a framework using equilibrium and non-equilibrium property relations
Applied the Enskog–Vlasov kinetic equation
Calculated dimensionless resistivities for mass and heat transfer
Resistivities were determined for non-ideal vapors
All resistivities decrease as conditions approach the critical point
Introduced generalizations improve understanding of transport properties in fluid dynamics

Abstract

Abstract The classical Hertz–Knudsen–Schrage (HKS) relations for mass and heat transfer across liquid-vapor interfaces are valid for ideal gas vapors only. We propose a generalization of the HKS relations towards non-ideal vapors based on equilibrium and non-equilibrium property relations for a van-der-Waals-like gas obtained from the Enskog–Vlasov kinetic equation, and determine the corresponding dimensionless resistivities for mass and heat transfer across an interface. Considering constant evaporation and accommodation coefficients, it is found that all resistivities decay towards the critical point.

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