Application of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; (Canada and Netherlands v. Syrian Arab Republic)

339 International Court of Justice — Provisional measures — Alleged violations of Convention against Torture, 1984 — Prima facie basis for jurisdiction — Dispute concerning interpretation or application of Convention against Torture — Whether procedural preconditions under Convention against Torture met — Whether negotiations deadlocked — Whether applicants requesting arbitration — Whether Court’s jurisdiction subject to procedure before Committee instituted under Convention against Torture — Standing — Whether applicants having standing to file case against Syria — Erga omnes partes nature of obligations under Convention against Torture — Plausibility — Link — Irreparable prejudice and urgency — Whether evidence of violations alleged by applicants — Findings of United Nations reports and Commissions of Inquiry — Measures to be adopted — Power to indicate measures different in whole or in part from those requested — Measures for the preservation of evidence Human rights — Torture — Convention against Torture, 1984 — Definition of torture — Enforcement — Obligations erga omnes — Role of International Court of Justice