The Role of Dietary Supplements and Bioactive Compounds in Endometriosis: Current Knowledge

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder affecting 6–10% of women of reproductive age, with increasing rates of diagnosis highlighting its emerging clinical relevance. The pathogenesis of endometriosis is multifactorial, involving chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, enhanced angiogenesis and immune dysregulation. Conventional hormonal and surgical therapies often fail to provide sustained relief, prompting interest in adjuvant strategies, including dietary supplementation and bioactive compounds. Evidence from clinical and experimental studies suggests that vitamins C and E, polyphenols, omega‑3 fatty acids, vitamin D, N-acetylcysteine, bromelain, inositols, and probiotics may modulate oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and endometrial cell proliferation. Despite promising findings, standardized trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of these interventions are lacking, underscoring the need for further well-designed clinical studies.