GHz dynamic holographic VCSEL chip via current-addressed modes multiplexing

The intuitive wisdom in semiconductor laser engineering dictates that high-order spatial modes of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) must be suppressed to preserve beam quality, despite their inherent potential as independent information carriers. Here, we develop current-addressed modes multiplexing holography in multimode VCSELs, where injection current-dependent dominant orbital angular momentum (OAM) components enhance information channel capacity and enable dynamic reconfigurability of holographic systems. Crucially, monolithic integration of laser-nanoprinted multiplexed holograms with VCSEL chips resolves the persistent contradiction between dynamic light-field manipulation and miniaturization of holographic optoelectronic systems. Experimental validation shows that a 2×2 chip array (unit area: ~ 100×100 μm²) enables dynamic 3D display with an ultrahigh refresh rate of ~ 1.93 GHz. To our knowledge, this represents the fastest holographic switching speed and most compact chip-scale system reported to date. This work establishes a platform for portable and wearable devices, ultra-high-speed short-reach interconnects, virtual and augmented reality systems with minimized latency.