Technological innovations of edible coating using natural biopolymers for combating food loss and food waste

The escalating crisis of global food security demands technological interventions to reduce food loss and food waste. This review explores the technological advancements in edible coating using natural biopolymers as a sustainable solution to combat both quantitative spoilage and qualitative degradation in the food supply chain. We delve into edible coating techniques for extending food shelf life in the coating material standpoint: polysaccharide, protein, and lipid, which are natural biopolymer. Furthermore, the review highlights the transformative potential of integrating edible coatings with information and communication technologies (ICT) and artificial intelligence (AI). By leveraging sensor networks and machine learning algorithms, such as artificial neural networks (ANN), these intelligent systems enable predictive quality modeling and dynamic storage optimization. We conclude that the convergence of natural biopolymers with data-driven technologies represents a paradigm shift toward self-regulating, smart food preservation systems essential for future food security.