Site-Specific Phytoremediation Potential of Plants in Urban Polluted Sites in Romania: A Case Study in Baia Mare

The SPIRE project, conducted in Baia Mare, Romania, investigated the use of nature-based solutions for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). In five pilot sites with various levels of pollution a selection of species were planted based on their potential for remediation. The results suggested that species such as Salix alba, Salix viminalis, Reynoutria japonica, Betula pendula, and Agrostis capillaris were effective in the absorption of high concentrations of heavy metals, especially cadmium and zinc. Data analysis showed distinct patterns of heavy metal uptake depending on location and species and highlighted the importance of adapting remediation strategies to local conditions. The study demonstrates the applicability of phytoremediation in post-industrial urban environments, with significant reductions in soil contaminants and potential for ecological remediation.