Evaluation of zootechnical parameters of Azawak cattle based on data recorded in the secondary livestock multiplication centers (SLMC) of Toukounous, Bathé and Ibécetène

This study aimed to evaluate the zootechnical parameters of Azawak zebu cattle raised in Secondary Livestock Multiplication Centers (SLMCs) in Niger from 2012 to 2024, based on the analysis of annual reports. The comparative analysis of the three centers (Bathé, Ibécetène, and Toukounous) revealed significantly better performance from the Toukounous animals compared to the other two centers in terms of fertility rates, fecundity, and numerical herd productivity. However, annual variability was observed, with a trend starting in 2021 characterized by a decrease in reproduction and an increase in mortality, leading to a negative apparent growth rate. Statistical modeling identifies the main factors influencing herd growth: mortality rate and numerical exploitation rate negatively and significantly impact the growth rate. These results indicate that improving the productivity and sustainability of livestock management centers (SLMCs) relies primarily on reducing animal mortality and optimizing herd transfer management. The Toukounous center's management model is recommended for other centers to improve the performance of Azawak zebu livestock farming and contribute to pastoral security in Niger.