Low growing productive forms of winter soft wheat in forest-steppe conditions of the Penza region

The article presents the results of a study of low-growing forms of winter soft wheat. The purpose of our research was to study the intraspecific diversity of winter bread wheat in terms of plant height, to study the nature of the inheritance of short stems and to create new low-growing productive forms for cultivation in the forest-steppe conditions of the Penza region. The research was carried out in the forest-steppe zone of the Penza region on the basis of the laboratory of breeding technologies in 2015-2021. The object of the study were the varieties Klavdiya 2, Pamyati Krivobocheka (all Penza region), Don-eko (Rostov region), Yumpa, Zimnitsa (all Krasnodar region) and hybrids F1, F2, F3 selection of Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops, obtained from crossing a medium-sized variety Claudia 2 with short-stemmed forms. The released Fotinha variety was used as a standard. Wide intervarietal variability (80-123 cm) of winter soft wheat in plant height was revealed. Using the method of individual selection from hybrid populations F4, short-stemmed productive lines Erythrospermum 5/15 (F4 Claudia 2 × Yumpa) and Lutescens 12/15 (F4 Claudia 2 × Zimnitsa) were obtained, which, along with short stemness, are characterized by an increased weight of 1000 grains. Hybrid populations F2 and F3 have a wide range of genotypic and phenotypic variability. The resulting hybrid material is of both theoretical interest – for further genetic research, and practical interest – for breeding use.