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February 2, 2026The European Physical Journal Special Topics0 citationsOpen Access

Stickiness in chaotic billiards with n-fold symmetry

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RCR. B. do CarmoTLT. Araújo Lima

Key Points

  • This research aims to explore the characteristics and implications of stickiness in chaotic billiards exhibiting n-fold symmetry.
  • Analyzed chaotic billiards defined by C_n rotational symmetry.
  • Investigated the expansion of stickiness regions in phase space.
  • Examined the dependence of stickiness on symmetry parameter n and circumferences' radii.
  • Trapping-time distributions exhibited a power law decay with γ ≃ 3.
  • Stickiness regions were found within the chaotic sea without stability islands.
  • Symmetry and geometric parameters did not alter the fundamental trapping-time characteristics.

Abstract

Abstract In this work, we study a family of chaotic billiards with the main characteristic of presenting only Cₙ C n rotational symmetries. The billiard repeats itself under rotations of 2 /n 2 π / n, where here, n is called the symmetry parameter. Due to collisions with straight segments, the phase space exhibits stickiness regions that occur within the chaotic sea, without the formation of stability islands, thereby ensuring the ergodicity of the system. We investigate the expansion of these regions in phase space and their dependence on the symmetry parameter n and on the radii of the circumferences that define the billiard boundary. Our results show that independent of the geometric parameters and the rotational symmetry, the trapping-time distributions follow a power law decay with the 3 γ ≃ 3 as other well-known distributions.

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Cite This Study

Carmo et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6980ffe7c1c9540dea812cd2https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02141-0
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