Abstract The paper outlines the physical parameters and textural differences of clay marl, marl, and calcareous marl, focusing on the physical changes that are caused by water. The characterization of marls is often very difficult since their properties are variable, covering a broad range from low-strength friable rock to highly cemented durable lithologies. Consequently, the prediction of their physical parameters requires further consideration. The paper addresses this issue by physically and texturally characterizing Eocene marly lithologies and comparing their properties to various limestones. Density, water absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Brazilian tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and their interdependencies are explained. The link between physical properties and various micro-fabrics is also outlined, with the help of new equations. Our tests show that UCS of calcareous marl can be as high as 100 MPa, but it decreases when the sample is water saturated. Relationships were calculated between the physical parameters of air-dry and water-saturated samples. Correlations between Young’s moduli and uniaxial compressive strength are also explained. The results of our analyses were compared to published physical parameters of marls and limestone, and relationships were outlined between the parameters of these carbonates.
Görög et al. (2026) studied this question.