From survivance to thrivance : the becoming of a defiant Indian self in Zitkála-Šá’s American Indian Stories

Zitkala-Ša’s autobiographical short story collection American Indian Stories presents the coming of age of an Indian girl. The protagonist finds herself in a cruel Indian-hating boarding school system that continuously ‘disciplines’ her Indian self. However, going back to her mother in the reservation land, she regains a sense of belonging leading her to be a defiant Indian woman. This paper identifies the first phase of the protagonist’s life at boarding school as a form of survivance as described by Gerald Vizenor since at that time it was necessary for her to survive though she made occasional resistance. Then, the phase of her soul-regaining and finally, resigning the job from a settler colonial institution may be seen as a form of thrivance as described by Taté Walker. This way, the paper maps a journey from survivance to thrivance observing the life of the protagonist in select stories that appeared in American Indian Stories.