Social media algorithm mechanisms: Catalysts and constraints for women’s identity and self-empowerment

Social media algorithm mechanisms have attracted substantial attention as both catalysts and constraints for women’s identity formation and self-empowerment, yet gaps remain in understanding algorithmic transparency and gendered impacts. This paper analyzes how platform algorithms shape women’s empowerment across visibility selection, content moderation, engagement metrics, and psychological outcomes. Findings reveal that algorithms can enhance women’s economic, social, and psychological agency by amplifying entrepreneurial opportunities and supportive networks, while simultaneously reinforcing stereotypes, encouraging self-objectification, and marginalizing diverse narratives. Based on these insights, recommendations include developing inclusive and transparent algorithm designs, advancing digital-literacy education, reforming content-moderation policies, and fostering cross-sector collaboration to establish equitable governance frameworks for social media platforms.