Electrode Materials for Capacitive Deionization Technology: Performance Analysis and Application Prospects of Hollow Structure Electrodes and MXene

Since freshwater resources are limited worldwide, desalination is crucial. Due to its low energy consumption and ease of use, capacitive deionization (CDI) desalination technology has garnered a lot of attention. Traditional electrode materials have issues like poor ion selectivity, desalination capacity, and stability that need to be improved. This study examines the performance and desalination impact of novel composite electrode materials using the preparation process, characterization technology, and capacitive deionization technology as a foundation. Using a hollow carbon ball as an example, it is discovered that the hollow structure electrode material has a high degree of graphitization, a large specific surface area, and good desalination cycle stability; however, the preparation process is difficult and expensive. The study focuses on an antimicrobial multifunctional electrode material, using MXene as a case study. It demonstrates excellent electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and antimicrobial characteristics, along with significant potential for seawater desalination. However, its structural stability is lacking. In conclusion, further research should investigate new materials and composite technologies to enhance the study of materials in real seawater, industrial wastewater, and other complex water samples, thereby advancing the practical use of capacitive deionization technology.