Environmental Impacts of Urban Zoning Transformation on Sustainability in Singaraja City

Singaraja City in North Bali faces growing ecological pressures due to uncontrolled land-use conversion and urban zoning transformation. This study aims to identify the dynamics of zoning changes and assess their environmental impacts between 1984 and 2020. A descriptive-quantitative approach was employed using medium-scale satellite imagery from Google Earth, visually interpreted and processed with QGIS. This method was selected for its ability to capture long-term spatio-temporal dynamics of land-use transformation. The results show significant changes: the number of central business districts (CBDs) increased from two to eight, while rural fringe zones disappeared entirely by 2020. Sub-districts were classified into three categories of impact: highly significant (Banyuasri, Banyuning, Kendran), significant (Astina, Banjar Bali, Beratan, etc.), and minimal (Kampung Anyar, Kampung Bugis, etc.). These transformations have contributed to ecological degradation, including the loss of green open space, conversion of agricultural land, increased pressure on water resources, and heightened risks of flooding and seawater intrusion. The findings highlight that urban densification in Singaraja generates considerable ecological risks. Adaptive, ecology-based spatial planning policies are therefore urgently required to mitigate environmental impacts and support sustainable urban development in coastal North Bali.