Subjects of international public oversight (international civil society oversight of the United Nations)

The present article is dedicated to the analysis of the subjects of international public oversight (the international civil society control of the United Nations). The work justifies the importance of civil society oversight, on one hand, over the activities, acts, and decisions of public authorities and other entities endowed with the right to exercise certain public powers (at the national level), and on the other hand, over the activities, acts, and decisions of international governmental and non-governmental organizations (at the international level), as well as over the order of use of extraterritorial objects subject to international norms, as a condition for ensuring the preservation and development of democracy at both national and international levels. The authors formalize and justify the concept of the institution of international public oversight (international civil society control of the United Nations). The article identifies and substantiates the circle of subjects of international public oversight (international civil society control of the United Nations). A range of research methods are utilized in the work, including: formal-logical; historical-legal; comparative-legal; method of analysis of specific legal situations; statistical; sociological. The authors identify and formalize the problems that hinder the activities of the aforementioned subjects: a) the absence of a real mechanism for controlling the activities, acts, and decisions of international bureaucracy; b) the lack of enshrinement of the institution of international public oversight (international civil society control of the United Nations) in the UN Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and various international pacts dedicated to specific types of human rights; c) the weak development in domestic and foreign literature of specific forms, methods, and types of activities of the aforementioned oversight; d) the absence of a consensus in the scientific community regarding the list of subjects that can carry out the specified oversight; e) the presence of weak powers for these subjects; f) the absence of accountability for representatives of international bureaucracy for obstructing the activities of these subjects; g) the lack of organizational and financial resources for effective oversight activities. The work develops and substantiates a system of measures to address the stated problems.