Research demonstrates early substance use relates to quitting problems in American Indian and non-American Indian youth, suggesting a need for early intervention.
Early prevention is needed to delay onset of substances, particularly among AI adolescents. Early initiation of substance use may signal later dependence for both AI and non-AI youth. Screening of students who report early initiation and difficulty quitting may identify the need for tertiary prevention or early treatment for dependence.
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Swaim et al. (2026) studied this question.
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