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Demonstrates enhanced antioxidant and bioactive metabolite production in Carthamus tinctorius cultures, suggesting potential benefits for agricultural applications.
In this study, Se-doped CeO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and applied to a Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) cell suspension culture using liquid medium (B5).
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Ashraf et al. (2026) studied this question.
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