The Arctic sea ice environment has substantially changed since the publication of the first Arctic Report Card in 2006, which reported on 2005 sea ice conditions. At the end of summer 2025, the ice cover was younger, thinner and 28% less extensive than in 2005. The profound changes in sea ice since 2005 are opening the Arctic to more human activity and bringing to the fore concerns about safety, security, and the environment.
Meier et al. (Mon,) studied this question.