(PNM-43) Measures to mitigate the occurrence of female genital mutilation: a review of socio-political measures implemented in the African continent

Introduction Female genital mutilation (FGM) describes procedures involving the removal of external female genitalia for cultural or religious reasons. This study aims to synthesize scientific evidence from the past five years on political and social measures implemented in Africa to reduce FGM. Methods This narrative review included articles published in PubMed over the last five years using the MeSH terms “Circumcision, Female,” “Public Policy,” “Legislation as Topic,” “Health Policy,” “Reproductive Rights,” and “Africa.” Original studies published in English or Portuguese were included, while reviews and case reports were excluded. Data are presented narratively and summarized in absolute and relative frequencies. Results Of 129 articles screened, 5 met the eligibility criteria. Prevalence of FGM ranged from 1.2% to 76.6% (mean: 22.9%). Factors associated included advanced maternal age, personal experiences, religious and cultural beliefs, low educational attainment, rural residence, limited media exposure, and reduced participation in household decision-making. Regarding legislation, while some countries comply with international treaties on FGM, no specific national laws guaranteeing protection exist in certain contexts. Key mitigation measures identified were community-based interventions, such as workshops, awareness-raising activities, and mass communication campaigns. However, there is a lack of quantitative evaluation of the direct impact of these policies on reducing the practice. Conclusion Despite progress in FGM prevention and reduction, socioemotional and cultural factors continue to perpetuate the practice. The development of culturally sensitive policies and strategies, created in partnership with local leaders and healthcare professionals, together with women’s education and rigorous monitoring using measurable indicators, may serve as multidisciplinary measures to reduce FGM. Financing No conflict.