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February 5, 2026Veterinary SciencesOpen Access

Enhancing Vaccine Immunogenicity of H9N2 Influenza HA by Locking Its Pre-Fusion Conformation via Cleavage Site Engineering

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Authors

XXXiaoyu XuWSWeihuan ShaoKZKehui Zhang

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Overview

Demonstrates the potential to improve vaccine efficacy in avian influenza by modifying HA cleavage sites.

Key Points

  • The aim is to evaluate how changes to the cleavage site of H9N2 influenza HA affect its immunogenicity.
  • Modified the cleavage site of H9N2 influenza HA gene in mutants.
  • Evaluated proteolytic cleavage efficiencies of mutant and wild-type HA.
  • Immunized BALB/c mice with DNA vaccines expressing mutant or wild-type HA proteins.
  • Measured hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titers in immunized mice.
  • Mutants displayed distinct cleavage efficiencies compared to wild-type HA.
  • The Dlt5 mutant with a 19-amino-acid deletion showed reduced cleavage efficiency.
  • This Dlt5 mutant induced significantly higher HI antibody titers than wild-type HA.

Cite This Study

Xu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6984359ef1d9ada3c1fb498chttps://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13020147
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