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February 5, 2026International Journal of Surgery2 citationsOpen Access

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Prostate Cancer Report Simplification

A comparative evaluation of large language models for simplifying prostate cancer pathology reports: ChatGPT and Gemini

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Authors

HZHaoyang ZengYYYangguang YuanXWXiang Wu

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Overview

This retrospective study evaluates simplification of prostate cancer pathology reports using AI models, suggesting enhanced patient understanding and communication.

Key Points

  • This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of various AI models in simplifying prostate cancer pathology reports.
  • Evaluated three versions of ChatGPT and Gemini on pathology reports from 228 prostate cancer patients.
  • Data was split into internal and external cohorts, using specific prompts for text generation.
  • Outputs were assessed based on human scoring, readability scores, and BERT-based semantic similarity scores.
  • GPT-4o (Few-Shot) received the highest scores for accuracy and comprehensiveness from pathologists.
  • Gemini showed the best understandability ratings across all groups.
  • Mean Reading Grade Level scores varied, but GPT-4o Few-Shot performed best overall.
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Cite This Study

Zeng et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6984359ef1d9ada3c1fb49c3https://doi.org/10.1097/js9.0000000000004454
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