ABSTRACT Taiwan is highly vulnerable to climate change, facing increasing risks from typhoons, floods, and landslides. This study develops an integrated multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA)–GIS framework to evaluate land‐use adaptability to climate hazards at the township scale. Expert consultation was used to determine the relative importance and interdependencies of nine main and fifty‐four sub‐category land‐use factors through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and analytic network process (ANP). The resulting weights were incorporated into spatial‐autocorrelation analysis using Moran's I and LISA to examine clustering patterns from macro‐ and micro‐spatial perspectives. The results show that forestry, water‐conservation, and transportation lands are the primary drivers of adaptive capacity, while pronounced east–west disparities persist in spatial resilience patterns. The proposed framework provides a transparent and replicable approach that links expert judgment with spatial analytics, offering a quantitative basis for climate‐resilient land‐use planning and adaptive policy formulation in hazard‐prone regions.
Tseng et al. (2026) studied this question.