What question did this study set out to answer?

To develop a composite bone cement that addresses the mechanical and thermal shortcomings of traditional PMMA cements.

February 6, 2026Open Access

BiInSn-PMMA composite bone cement with adjustable mechanical properties and reduced thermal damage

XWXiaoling WuShanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine SLSicong LiuTechnical Institute of Physics and Chemistry JZJinpeng ZhangKunming Medical University

Key Points

To develop a composite bone cement that addresses the mechanical and thermal shortcomings of traditional PMMA cements.
Developed BiInSn-PMMA composite cement by varying BiInSn powder ratios.
Evaluated mechanical properties and thermal performance.
Assessed radiographic visibility and cytocompatibility in vitro.
Mechanical properties effectively adjusted by BiInSn ratio to suit various bone tissues.
Peak temperature during polymerization reduced from 57.6°C to 48.3°C.
Duration above 47°C shortened from 210 seconds to 39 seconds.
Composite exhibits good radiographic visibility and low cytotoxicity.

Abstract

Abstract Traditional polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement faces challenges, including stress shielding due to its high elastic modulus and thermal damage from polymerization exotherm. This study develops a novel BiInSn-PMMA composite bone cement that simultaneously addresses these limitations. The results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the composite bone cement can be effectively controlled by adjusting the ratio of BiInSn powder, thus meeting the requirements of different bone tissues. The phase change characteristics of BiInSn significantly reduce thermal risk, lowering the peak temperature in surrounding tissues from 57.6°C to 48.3°C and shortening the duration above 47°C from 210 seconds to 39 seconds. In addition, the introduction of BiInSn provides the composite bone cement with good radiographic visibility while exhibiting excellent cytocompatibility in vitro. Overall, this BiInSn-PMMA composite bone cement possesses adjustable mechanical properties, low risk of thermal damage, good radiographic visibility, and low cytotoxicity, demonstrating its potential value in bone defect repair.

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