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February 8, 2026Angewandte Chemie International Edition3 citationsOpen Access

Arylhydrazines: Convenient Homogeneous Reductants for Scalable Cross‐Coupling

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NKNils KurigDCDavid A. CaganKHKaid C. Harper

Key Points

  • The research aims to identify arylhydrazines as effective and scalable homogeneous reductants for C–C coupling reactions.
  • Explored arylhydrazines as sacrificial reductants in nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling.
  • Conducted substrate scope studies and optimization of reaction conditions.
  • Performed comparative analysis with zinc-based reductants.
  • Utilized mechanistic investigations through UV–Vis spectroscopy and 19F NMR.
  • Aryl hydrazines showed superior yields and selectivity compared to Zn-based methods.
  • Enhanced reproducibility and thermal control were achieved during reactions.
  • Demonstrated practicality through decagram-scale experiments.

Abstract

ABSTRACT Reductive cross‐couplings have emerged as a powerful strategy for forging C–C bonds directly from electrophiles, circumventing the need for preformed organometallic reagents, yet they often suffer from limitations associated with heterogeneous reductants like Zn (e.g., poor reproducibility and scalability) or costly homogeneous alternatives such as TDAE. Inspired by prior explorations of hydrazide chemistry, we disclose arylhydrazines as inexpensive, readily available homogeneous sacrificial reductants that enable Ni‐catalyzed sp 2 ‐sp 3 cross‐coupling of aryl halides with secondary alkyl iodides under mild, operationally simple conditions using a Ni II precursor, bipyridine ligand, and hindered amine base. Optimization, substrate scope studies, and direct comparisons reveal superior yields and selectivity relative to Zn‐based methods, particularly for heterocyclic and electron‐rich partners, while calorimetry‐guided safety assessments and decagram‐scale demonstrations highlight enhanced thermal control, reproducibility, and practicality. Mechanistic investigations via UV–vis spectroscopy, 19 F NMR, and reaction calorimetry support a pathway involving hydrazine‐mediated Ni II reduction to initiate a Ni I /Ni III cycle, with benign byproducts (N 2 and arene), positioning arylhydrazines as versatile reagents for executing reductive coupling on scale.

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Cite This Study

Kurig et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/698828210fc35cd7a884750ehttps://doi.org/10.1002/anie.9252206
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