The Eucharistic Complex in the High Middle Ages

Boyd Taylor Coolman examines the "Eucharistic complex" of the High Middle Ages, a multifaceted framework integrating liturgical experience, metaphysical presence, and salvific effect. Standardizing the distinctions between sacramentum tantum (sign), res et sacramentum (reality and sign), and res tantum (reality only), medieval theologians such as Hugh of St. Victor and Thomas Aquinas linked Christ’s sacramental body to his historical, celestial, ecclesial, and eschatological existence. This synthesis effectively held together symbol, substance, and grace.