This concept explores vacuum dynamics and dark sector unification in an open-system universe, suggesting new solutions.
Original Concept We do not seek to refute the mathematical precision of the Standard Model, but rather to relocate its physical setting. The universe has been modeled as an isolated system in a vacuum; we merely suggest it is an open system in a medium. The universe is a bubble in an ocean. This is the core of the theory; all other solutions extend from this concept. I have always felt that an author shouldn’t write too much because if I write too much, there is nothing left for you to write. If the hypothesis is correct, every problem will be readily solved.
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Hung Hsiang Chien (2026) studied this question.
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