Experimental Assessment of Stress–Strain Response in Filament-Wound GFRP Pipes Under Internal Pressure Loading

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) pipes are increasingly used in pressure piping systems due to their corrosion resistance and favorable mechanical performance; however, the direct experimental validation of design assumptions adopted in international standards remains limited. The objective of this study is to experimentally validate the mechanical response and stress distribution of filament-wound GFRP pipes under representative loading conditions and to assess the consistency of the measured behavior with the allowable-stress design framework of ISO 14692 and complementary ASME and BS codes. In this study, the mechanical behavior of filament-wound glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) pipes is investigated through a combined experimental program including tensile, bending, and full-scale internal pressure tests. Electrical resistance strain gauges were applied in axial and circumferential directions to directly measure deformation under internal pressure up to 31 bar, allowing experimental stresses to be derived using orthotropic laminate relationships. The results demonstrate a predominantly linear elastic response within the service range, followed by progressive damage initiation at higher load levels, with circumferential stresses consistently exceeding axial stresses, confirming a hoop-dominated response. At the maximum applied pressure of 31 bar, axial and circumferential strains reached approximately εa ≈ 1.30 × 10−3 and εh ≈ 1.60 × 10−3, corresponding to experimentally derived stresses of σaexp ≈ 15.3 MPa and σhexp ≈ 18.8 MPa, without catastrophic failure. The novelty of this work lies in the direct integration of full-scale strain gauge measurements with standardized allowable-stress design assumptions, enabling an experimental validation of ISO 14692 that is rarely addressed in existing studies. The experimentally derived stress–strain data show good agreement with theoretical models and provide a direct link between measured behavior and the allowable stress philosophy and design equations defined in ISO 14692 and complementary ASME and BS design codes. The findings validate the applicability of standardized design approaches and provide experimentally grounded support for engineering design decisions in FRP piping systems.