Bell critiques electoral democracy in China, advocating for leadership by elites, suggesting improvement over fundamental reform.
Opposing electoral democracy in the Chinese context, Bell advocates a political model on which national leaders are selected by political elites rather than by voters. 1 Even though deeply disappointed by the current national leadership in the past decade, Bell places his hopes on future generations of Chinese leaders (112). For him, the issue for the political system in China is improvement rather than fundamental reform. He remains hopeful that “China’s political future is likely to be shaped by both Communism and Confucianism” (104). In maintaining such a view, he overlooks a much deeper problem with the current political system in China.
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Chenyang Li (2026) studied this question.
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