Several state institutions are involved in border security management, including border guards, customs services, veterinary and phytosanitary supervision, and other institutions whose areas of responsibility overlap at border control points. In this study, we found that most EU member states still use sectoral systems, with varying degrees of cooperation. The authors emphasise the importance of providing a unified (comprehensive, integrated, and sustainable) approach to border security risk management. The study focuses on the security risk management of the external border. The authors explore a feasible methodological solution and provide recommendations for improving border security and common risk management at the tactical (one-year) level, based on an analysis of scientific literature and practical work experience, as well as surveys and empirical considerations. Quantitative and qualitative research methods are employed in the study. The study’s main findings demonstrate how methodological solutions can support sustainable risk management and provide essential risk assessment techniques. The authors propose a 5-level matrix to assess the impact of external border security risks. National and international agencies can apply the study’s outcome to facilitate mutual collaboration and enhance sustainable, common security risk management practices.
Karklina-Admine et al. (Sat,) studied this question.