In this review paper, the monitoring techniques applied to laser welding are presented and summarized. An on-line sensing process is proposed and described with the aim of introducing an intelligent manufacturing concept for industrial applications. The laser welding method is characterized by optical, thermal, and even acoustic signals. Consequently, the nature of the process can be used to sense and define operation parameters and analyze phenomena. The obtained data can be analyzed and processed to apply machine learning algorithms that predict and optimize the quality of the final product. Therefore, defining and studying diverse sensing methods and techniques is a particularly important practice regarding intelligent applications and the evolution of welding manufacturing processes.
Rivera et al. (Fri,) studied this question.