What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate the genetic traits affecting yield in Brassica napus and propose an optimal breeding strategy for high yield.

February 10, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Study on Comprehensive Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and High-Yield Breeding Selection Strategy of Brassica napus L.

DWDezhi WuYueyang Changling Equipment Research Institute (China)JBJing Bai SZSongchao ZhangNanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization

Key Points

To evaluate the genetic traits affecting yield in Brassica napus and propose an optimal breeding strategy for high yield.
Evaluated 10 key agronomic traits in 26 Brassica napus varieties across five environments.
Used statistical analyses like phenotypic correlation, path analysis, and principal component analysis.
Conducted grey correlation analysis to assess relationships between traits and yield.
High genetic variation found in traits like plant height and effective branches.
Significant positive correlation between effective pods per plant and seeds per pod identified.
Pod length has the strongest direct effect on yield, establishing it as a key trait for selection.

Abstract

In order to elucidate the trait structure of yield formation and optimize the selection strategy for breeding high-yield spring rapeseed, this study systematically evaluated the genetic variation, interrelationship, and contribution to yield of 10 key agronomic traits. A comprehensive assessment of 26 varieties across five test environments was conducted using the coefficient of variation, phenotypic correlation, path analysis, principal component analysis, and grey relational analysis. The results showed that the variations in plant height, branch position, and the number of primary effective branches were the most abundant (CV > 0.20), indicating high genetic improvement potential. Among the yield components, a significant positive correlation was observed between the number of effective pods per plant and the number of seeds per pod. The direct positive effect of pod length on yield per plant was the strongest (path coefficient = 0.467), indicating that yield formation was more dependent on pod structure and grain filling ability. Principal component analysis showed that PC1 had a contribution rate of 94.2%, driven mainly by the effective pod number of the whole plant. This could be used as a comprehensive index to distinguish between different ecological groups and evaluate the overall growth potential. Grey correlation analysis further clarified that the effective length of the main inflorescence was most closely related to yield per plant (correlation degree = 0.847). In summary, this study proposes a high-yield breeding strategy of ‘quality first, collaborative improvement’, whereby pod length, 1000-grain weight, and effective length of the main inflorescence are used as core selection traits. This novel study involves coordinating and optimizing the number of effective branches and inflorescence structure, as well as screening stable genotypes through multi-environment identification, in order to achieve the efficient integration of yield components.

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