The Clinical Impact of Cardiovascular Thrombosis on Overall Survival in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Transarterial Chemoembolization

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Diagram to select patients for the current cohort. Patients treated by TACE without zinostatin stimalamer were recruited through two arms. The right arm was patients those received indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min before transarterial intervention for hepatocellular carcinoma, as reported in the past study [11] In the left arm, patients were screened with the key word “arterial chemoembolization”, and without “zinostatin stimalamer.” Excluding duplicated data, 402 patients were determined as a study cohort. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; ICG‐R15, indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; TAE: Transcatheter arterial embolization; TAI: Transcatheter arterial infusion.

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  FIGURE 2. The survival impact of cardiovascular thrombosis on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. (A) In a crude analysis, the log‐rank test for overall survival presented no significant difference between patients without cardiovascular thrombosis (CVT) and those with CVT (p > 0.05). Recurrence‐free survival (B) and post‐recurrence survival (C) were not influenced by CVT complication, either (p > 0.05). (D) Overall survival of patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) was not significantly differentiated from that of patients with CVTs other than PVT (p > 0.05). Number of patients at risk, and median survival time (days) are summarized in the below table. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; CVT, cardiovascular thrombosis; HR, hazard ratio; MST, the median survival time; PVT, portal vein thrombosis.

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  FIGURE 3. The matched pair of cohorts was generated based on propensity score. After adjustment, (A) the overall survival of patients with cardiovascular thrombosis (CVT) significantly shortened to half compared to those not complicated with CVT (p < 0.05). (B) The recurrence‐free survival in the matched pair of 54‐patient cohorts was not significantly different compared to those not complicated with CVT (p > 0.05). (C) Post‐recurrence survival was compared between 44 patients without CVT and 41 patients with CVT. Post‐recurrence survival was two times longer in patients without CVT, compared to those with CVT with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Number of patients at risk, and median survival time (days) are summarized in the below table. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; CVT, cardiovascular thrombosis; HR, hazard ratio; MST, the median survival time.