Nanotherapy for acute pancreatitis: a systematic review of experimental strategies and mechanisms of action

Preclinical evidence indicates that nanotechnology-based interventions can ameliorate pancreatic and systemic injury in experimental AP through multitarget modulation of key pathogenic pathways. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of models and nanoplatforms, limited safety data, and substantial risk of bias preclude firm conclusions about comparative efficacy or clinical applicability. More rigorous and standardized preclinical studies, along with carefully designed translational research, are needed to identify nanotherapeutic strategies suitable for future clinical testing in AP.