The Force Property Essence of Light under the Framework of Chen's Superstring Theory: An Interpretation of the Entanglement Dynamics of Gravitational and Repulsive Strings

Abstract Based on the "particle discrete dual-domain mechanism" of Chen's Superstring Theory (CST), combined with the dynamic equilibrium characteristics of gravitational strings (G-strings) and repulsive strings (R-strings) in neutrons, the distribution law of the quantum gravitational substrate field in cosmic spacetime, as well as the critical conditions for G/R string field coupling entanglement and the origin of long-range gravitation, this paper proposes that the essence of light is the force field propagation formed by the unbalanced entangled vibration of G-strings and captured R-strings inside particles through perturbing the quantum gravitational substrate field (pure G-string state) of the Earth/current cosmic spacetime. The core conclusions are as follows: ① R-strings are not completely in a free state and appear densely under the conditions of special high-energy celestial bodies (e. g. , the Sun) ; G/R strings can entangle to form particles only within the energy range where the Planck critical string length (lₚ) is not exceeded. ② Neutrons are a high-energy entangled state with nearly complete equilibrium of G/R strings; in the matter-dominated system, G-strings are always slightly dominant in macroscopic particle aggregates (e. g. , atoms), and this slight dominance makes the system continuously overflow with gravitation, which propagates through the quantum gravitational substrate field (pure G-string state) to form universal gravitation—its intensity is only 10^-40 of the electromagnetic force, and it is the only long-range force without reverse counterforce above the atomic level. ③ The frequency of light is uniquely determined by the coupling and winding rate of the G/R string field, and its force property is dominated by the dominant state of the string state: infrared light with dominant G-strings has gravitational properties, ultraviolet light with dominant R-strings has repulsive properties, and neutral light excited by the neutron equilibrium state has no bias. ④ The foundation of the current cosmic spacetime is composed of the quantum gravitational substrate field (pure G-string state), from which the gravitational nature of dark matter originates; free R-strings in space entangle with G-strings to form particles once they meet; in the matter-dominated world, protons are a large particle form with dominant G-strings, and electrons are a small string form with dominant R-strings, which are complementary in string state and their radiation characteristics are significantly manifested after breaking away from the Coulomb force. Combined with observational data such as light pressure, comet tails, gravitational lensing, and neutron decay, the self-consistency and universality of the theory are verified. The introduction of static and dynamic string force formulas provides a quantitative basis for the correlation between the force property and frequency of light, endowing the theory with core characteristics of calculability and verifiability.