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February 12, 2026Open Access

First-Classness yields a unique 64 → 201 genetic code: beyond group-theoretic symmetries: (PDF version)

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Authors

DMDouglas Joseph Huntington Moore

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Overview

This manuscript reports on deriving a unique genetic code structure using symmetry principles, indicating broader implications for genetic coding systems.

Key Points

  • The aim is to derive the genetic code's degeneracy spectrum using the symmetry constraint known as First-Classness.
  • Applied a group-theoretic approach to impose First-Classness on nucleotide generators.
  • Analyzed 64 triplet codons and determined their orbit structure.
  • Tested balance conditions against extensive codon-usage data covering approximately 70,950 genomes.
  • Derived a unique orbit structure that aligns with the universal code's synonymous-family sizes.
  • Identified special roles for codons AUG and UGG as singletons within the new structure.
  • Provided software enabling reproduction of key plots and statistical outputs from the analysis.

Cite This Study

Douglas Joseph Huntington Moore (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/698d6e2a5be6419ac0d539ddhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18597790
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