Validation of a Traumatic Brain Injury Remediation Programme for Chronic Schizophrenia

Background Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia share considerable overlap with those seen in traumatic brain injury (TBI). This overlap offers a rationale for investigating whether cognitive remediation strategies developed for TBI can be tailored to benefit schizophrenia. Purpose This exploratory study assessed the efficacy and generalisability of the Brainwave-R cognitive remediation programme, designed initially for TBI, in improving neuropsychological functioning and symptom dimensions in individuals with schizophrenia. Methods This was a tertiary Psychiatric Care Facility-based exploratory study following the pre-and-post intervention with a control group (CG) design. Twenty hospitalised male patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were purposively sampled and divided into intervention and CGs ( n = 10 each). Participants were assessed pre- and post-intervention using the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Mann–Whitney U tests were employed to compare the effect size of the intervention between groups. Results The intervention group exhibited statistically significant improvements across a broad range of neuropsychological domains. Additionally, significant reductions were observed in negative and select positive symptom scores, highlighting the programme’s multidimensional clinical impact. Conclusion This study provides promising preliminary evidence for the cross-diagnostic applicability of TBI-based cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. However, the findings must be interpreted cautiously due to key limitations: small, all-male sample size; short intervention duration; and absence of long-term or functional outcome assessments. Future research should prioritise larger, gender-diverse, and longitudinal designs to establish the broader utility and personalisation of cognitive interventions in schizophrenia.