This preprint series explores quantum localization and length scales in electrons, suggesting new structural insights.
This preprint series explores the mechanical basis of quantum localization and intrinsic length scales in electrons. Using a variational continuum framework, the electron is modeled as an extended, gradient-stiff entity coupled to its environment, revealing how the Compton wavelength and Bohr radius emerge naturally from internal mechanical consistency. The work also reinterprets the Heisenberg uncertainty principle as a structural consequence of localization costs. This series establishes a baseline for extended electron structures and identifies where additional physical structure is necessary to reconcile stability with motion.
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Ping Zhang (2026) studied this question.
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