This analysis reveals rotational dynamics in galaxies using baryonic potential, suggesting a rethinking of dark matter implications.
What if dark matter is not a substance but a shadow of the gravitational potential itself? We show that the discrepancy between observed and Newtonian rotation curves across 175 SPARC galaxies can be captured by a single formula involving only the baryonic gravitational potential π and its derivatives β no dark matter, no modified force law, no free parameters per galaxy. The observed acceleration boost πobs^2 /πbar^2 is empirically linear in 1/|π|, with a slope that scales universally with the total baryonic mass encoded in (1/π)β². This yields a one-constant model, πtot = ππ(1 + πΆ/ββ¨(1/π)β²β© β 1/π) with πΆ β 10eβ5, that matches MOND to within a few percent on median performance β and outperforms it at mass-to-light ratios independently favored by stellar dynamics. The baryonic Tully-Fisher relation π^4 β π emerges as an unimposed consequence. The numerical coincidence πΆ β βπ0 β βππ»0 hints at a cosmological origin. We do not claim finality for the formula, but for the observation behind it: the Newtonian potential field of baryonic matter already contains the information that dark matter was invented to provide.
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Markus Nicke (2026) studied this question.
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