Multi-dimensional value diversion and aggregation of DER based on alliance chain under the grid-VPP-DER three-level synergy framework optimization

In the hierarchical dispatch and aggregation optimization of power grids, virtual power plants (VPPs), and distributed energy resources (DERs), the absence of a systematic framework for evaluating the multidimensional value of DERs has resulted in limited synergy among market participants at various levels and inefficient configuration of DERs. To address these challenges, this study first constructs an alliance chain network—with the power grid, VPPs, and DERs as nodes—to support VPP aggregation transactions and establish consensus on DER multidimensional value weights (MVWs). Subsequently, based on the MVW consensus derived from the alliance chain, it quantifies the comprehensive value of VPPs across economic, risk, and environmental dimensions. Finally, accounting for the apportionment of VPP comprehensive value gains and losses, a DER comprehensive benefit function is formulated. Utilizing an evolutionary game method, the aggregation outcome between VPPs and DERs is determined, with maximization of the global DER comprehensive benefit function as the optimization objective. Simulation analysis demonstrates that the proposed coalition chain consensus algorithm achieves a service throughput exceeding 850 tps, effectively supporting aggregation services among the grid, VPPs, and DERs. Guided by the global DER comprehensive benefit function, aggregation optimization enhances multi-level synergistic benefits within the grid-VPP-DER system. Furthermore, under varying initial aggregation probabilities and system supply/demand states, DER evolution converges to the VPP aggregation optimization equilibrium point. The model exhibits strong robustness, successfully realizes the effective channeling of DER multidimensional value, and enables the grid to utilize MVW consensus for optimizing DER resource allocation.