Preparation of patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia for oral surgical interventions

Introduction: Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterised by an isolated decrease in the platelet count below 100×10, in the absence of other identifiable causes of thrombocytopenia. The decrease in platelet numbers in patients with ITP results from both accelerated platelet destruction and impaired platelet production. The diagnosis is established by excluding other causes of thrombocytopenia. In adult patients, the chronic form is most often encountered, characterised by periods of remission and relapse of the disease. Aim: This informative paperwork aims to highlight the principles of oral surgical treatment of patients with ITP. Material and Methods: The available literature was analysed to identify the basic characteristics of ITP, with special reference to its specificity and principles of dental and oral surgical treatment of patients with ITP. Conclusion: There are no guidelines for preparing patients for surgical interventions. Personalised therapeutic protocols with high doses of corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, along with postoperative anticoagulant protocols, are recommended. In recent years, thrombopoietin receptor agonists have also been increasingly used with success. The application of all therapeutic measures, both systemic and local, is necessary before, during, and after the oral surgical procedure. Numerous new medications enable the appropriate preparation of ITP patients for oral surgical interventions. In addition, close collaboration between oral surgeons and haematologists is considered imperative.