This work defines thresholds enabling molecular interactions in diverse environments, linking astrophysics and chemistry.
Chemical complexity requires environments in which molecularinteractions can persist long enough to form stable reactionnetworks. This work defines pre-chemical closure as a set ofphysical persistence thresholds spanning cosmic dust formation,planetary stabilization, and environmental shielding. Thesethresholds enable molecular stability, collision-driven reactions,and the accumulation of chemical complexity without invokingspecific biochemical pathways. The framework integrates established results from astrophysics,planetary science, and chemistry into a cross-scale persistencemodel linking astrophysical structure formation to chemicalclosure conditions. A closure functional and transition operatorare introduced as formal devices representing threshold-gatedadmissibility between closure layers, enabling domain-specificmodels to be integrated within a unified framework while remainingfully compatible with established physical laws. This work does not propose new chemical pathways or origin-of-lifemechanisms. Instead, it formalizes the environmental conditionsrequired for chemical persistence, providing a structural bridgebetween astrophysical processes and chemical complexity.
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John Francis Osborne (2026) studied this question.
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