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Challenges the existence of a fourth spatial dimension, indicating implications for our understanding of reality.
This paper challenges the physical existence of a fourth macroscopic spatial dimension within our universe, asserting that four-dimensional objects, such as the tesseract, are mathematical abstractions rather than physical realities. By distinguishing between mathematical possibility and physical actualisation, the study posits that the observable universe is strictly limited to three spatial dimensions. It presents a falsifiable argument that denies the presence of a fourth spatial degree of freedom based on strict criteria for physical extension. Consequently, the paper concludes that higher macroscopic spatial dimensions are incompatible with the fundamental nature of our physical reality.
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Mahdi Mahmoudy (2026) studied this question.
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