Nietzsche’s Concept of Noble Morality and the Poetics of Charis in Theognis and Pindar

Abstract This essay argues that Nietzsche’s concept of noble morality is grounded in accounts of experiences of gratitude ( Dankbarkeit ) that stand in parallel to the ethical role of charis (grace/gratitude) in the poetry of Theognis and Pindar. This is indicated directly by a note (Nachlass 1881, 11297, KSA 9.555–6) in which Nietzsche paraphrases verse 72 of Pindar’s Second Pythian Ode , genoi’ oios essí mathon , addressing its entirety (including the mathon , absent in Nietzsche’s usual allusions to it). The note thematizes gratitude and self-development, suggesting an interpretation of the message of Pindar’s ode as a call for the creation of the self through an effort of learning gratitude anew cyclically throughout life. Nietzsche’s opposition between noble and base, alluding to Theognis’ agathos and kakos , is accordingly determined by one’s capability for gratitude. Building on these ancient sources, Nietzsche’s noble gratitude unfolds as the incorporation of pain into overflowing joy, demanding the cyclical overcoming of vanity by pride through agon and a development of singular virtues, finally culminating in amor fati, the affirmation of eternal recurrence and Zarathustra’s gift-giving virtue.