Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of High‐Efficiency Electrostatic Adsorption Dust Extraction for Photovoltaic Panels

Traditional electrostatic adsorption (ESA) dust extraction devices can remove dust from photovoltaic (PV) panels. However, their dust extraction efficiency is limited. To achieve efficient dust extraction, this study optimizes an ESA dust extraction device. First, a multiphysics field‐coupled simulation model is established in COMSOL Multiphysics, integrating electrostatic, charge transfer, and charged particle tracking to analyze the electric field distribution and the dust extraction process. Second, the optimal structure of the ESA dust extraction device is determined by calculating the dust extraction rate and dust extraction efficiency. Finally, an experimental platform for ESA dust extraction is constructed to verify the reliability of the simulation model. The effect of the ESA dust extraction on the power generation efficiency of PV panels is also investigated. Simulation results show that the optimized ESA device achieves a dust extraction efficiency of 81.50% after 0.6 s of operation. After 6 s of operation, the dust extraction rate of the device is 99.79%. Experimental results show that the power generation efficiency of the PV panels after dust extraction reaches 98.45% of that under dust‐free conditions. This study provides an effective guide for the further development of ESA dust extraction technology for PV panels.