A Self-Pressurizing Hydrostatic Actuator Based on Bio-Inspired Multi-Layer Spiral Fascial Architecture: Theoretical Framework and Computational Validation

This work proposes a bio-inspired artificial muscle model based on multi-layer spiral fascial architecture capable of generating internal hydrostatic pressure without external compressors. A theoretical framework integrating rigid-body mechanics, composite material modeling, fluid statics, and energy conversion principles is developed. Computational simulations indicate pressure generation up to 5 MPa under biologically plausible conditions and up to 32 MPa in engineering-optimized configurations, significantly exceeding conventional pneumatic artificial muscle performance. The study further suggests a pressure-based reinterpretation of muscle force transmission and provides open computational models for reproducibility and further investigation.