HPLC evaluation of storage and Trichoderma treatment effects on major flavonoids in Oroxylum indicum seeds

Oroxylum indicum is an important medicinal tree widely valued in traditional medicine across Asia, with its seeds serving as a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals. However, maintaining the stability of these compounds during storage remains a critical challenge that directly influences the quality and therapeutic potential of seed-derived products. The present study investigated the combined effects of storage duration and biological seed coating with Trichoderma on the retention of key flavonoids. Concentrations of baicalin, baicalein, and chrysin were quantified at 4, 8, and 12 months using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Results revealed highly significant effects of storage duration and treatment (p < 0.001), along with a notable time × treatment interaction. Trichoderma coated seeds stored in plastic containers retained markedly higher flavonoid compared to untreated seeds. These findings underscore the value of integrating biological treatment with optimised storage practices to prolong seed shelf-life and preserve phytochemical integrity in O. indicum.