Updated Frequency Response Model in Modern Power Grids: An Analytical Approach and Parameters Estimation

Emerging converter‐based resources (CBRs) results in changing dynamics of the power grids. Hence, the conventional frequency response model (FRM) cannot properly cover the frequency dynamics of the modern power grids. An effective approach is required to achieve an updated FRM which has been missing in the previous studies. In this regard, this paper presents an analytical approach to provide the updated FRM regarding the penetration of the grid‐forming (GFM)‐based units in power grids. To this end, the power grid is divided into the GFM and synchronous generation (SG) areas from the frequency response point of view. After providing the updated FRM, a sequential procedure is followed to estimate the unknown parameters in the model. Firstly, the total moment of inertia (MoI) of the power grid is estimated through an optimization‐based method called pattern search. Then, the MoI values of the SG and GFM areas are calculated based on the optimization method and the obtained data from the power grid. Finally, according to the obtained MoI values and acquired data, the rest of the proposed FRM parameters are computed using the same method. To verify the obtained updated FRM and the accuracy of the estimated parameters, some scenarios are applied to the modified 39‐bus IEEE power system in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.This research paper offers an analytical approach for obtaining an updated FRM. Then, it proposes an estimation approach to figure out the parameters of the updated FRM in modern power systems using data acquisition from PMUs. 2