Physical properties influence lithotripsy techniques for breaking gallbladder crystals, suggesting optimization strategies.
Results of a study of the physical and mechanical properties of crystal structures from the human gallbladder (density, speed of sound, heat capacity, etc.) are presented. These parameters are required for the development of methods for fracturing crystalline structures during lithotripsy, execution of computing modeling of the process of fracturing, and selection of the characteristics of an energy unit.
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Nevmerzhitskiy et al. (2026) studied this question.
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