Demonstrates the photocatalytic and antimicrobial efficacy of brookite-phase TiO₂ synthesized using spinach extract, suggesting its potential in environmental applications.
Brookite-phase TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized via a green route using Spinacia oleracea leaf extract and TiOSO4 as the precursor, and characterized by XRD, FESEM–EDX, FTIR, and UV–Vis/DRS analyses. The nanoparticles displayed a spherical morphology with sizes of 5–12 nm. Photocatalytic tests showed that approximately 50% of methylene blue was degraded within 3 h under UV light and 5 h under visible light. Antibacterial assays revealed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1 mg/mL for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and 2 mg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in dark conditions, pointing to higher susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria. Under blue light irradiation, the MIC values decreased to 0.5 and 1 mg/mL, respectively, while bactericidal effects were observed at 0.5 and 2 mg/mL for the same strains. SEM observations confirmed severe bacterial membrane damage, highlighting the role of photocatalytic reactive oxygen species in bacterial inactivation.
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Ansari et al. (2026) studied this question.
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